The Evolving Role of Artificial Intelligence in Law
Wulf A. Kaal, Morgan A. Gray · 2025
Artificial Intelligence (AI) drives legal innovation. By integrating advanced machine learning, natural language processing, and large language models, AI achieves remarkable precision, with models like those for the European Court of Human Rights predicting case outcomes at 97% accuracy. This study’s unique contribution lies in its comprehensive analysis of AI’s technical foundations, particularly the application of transformer-based architectures and multimodal data integration, which enhance predictive accuracy and judicial reasoning. From a scientific perspective, it critically evaluates AI’s limitations, such as biases in training data and remaining hallucinations, offering a novel framework for hybrid human-AI approaches to mitigate these risks. By addressing research gaps, regulatory frameworks, and stakeholder perceptions, the article provides a scientifically grounded roadmap for responsibly integrating AI into legal practice, ensuring alignment with justice principles. Finally, the article shows how evolving AI research drives innovation in law. Key Words: Artificial Intelligence, AI Models, Governance, Law JEL Categories: K20, K23, K32, L43, L5, O31, O32 1 Professor of Law. University of St. Thomas School of Law (Minnesota). The authors are grateful for excellent research assistance by Klara Beinhorn and research librarian Adam Bent. 2 Assistant Professor of Law. University of St. Thomas School of Law (Minnesota)(Spring 2026). The author is a Ph.D. candidate in Intelligent Systems, at the University of Pittsburgh, School of Computing and Information. 1 Version 6 - August 2025
Cite: Wulf A. Kaal, Morgan A. Gray, The Evolving Role of Artificial Intelligence in Law (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5541658
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